Microcirculation Micro Tester

Capillaries are extremely small vessels located within the tissues of the body. They transport blood from the arteries to the veins.

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged through the thin walls of the capillaries.

Capillaries are so small that red blood cells can only travel through them in single file.

Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels and are parts of the microcirculation. They are only 1 cell thick. These microvessels, measuring 5-10 μm in diameter, connect arterioles and venules, and enable the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many other nutrient and waste chemical substances between blood and surrounding tissues. During embryological development, new capillaries are formed by vasculogenesis, the process of blood vessel formation occurring by a de novo production of endothelial cells and their formation into vascular tubes. The term angiogenesis denotes the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels.

Pathophysiology

Disorders of capillary formation as a developmental problem or acquired disorder are a feature in many common and serious disorders. Within a wide range of cellular factors and cytokines, problems with normal genetic expression and bioactivity of the vascular growth and permeability factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appear to play a major role in many of these disorders. Cellular factors include reduced numbers and function of bone-marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells and reduced ability of those cells to form blood vessels.

• Formation of additional capillaries and larger blood vessels (angiogenesis) is a major mechanism by which a cancer may help to enhance its own growth. Disorders of retinal capillaries contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.
• Reduced capillary density (capillary rarefaction) occurs in association with cardiovascular risk factors and in patients with coronary heart disease.

Ways to healthier heart and body

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